Famous Medieval and Renaissance Couples

Throughout history, men and women have joined together in partnerships both romantic and practical. Kings and their queens, writers and their muses, warriors and their lady-loves have at times had an impact on their world and on future events. The same could be said for some fictional couples, whose often-tragic romances have served to inspire both literature and true-life romantic adventures. These passionate, political, and poetic couples from the Medieval and Renaissance ages will go down in history. Abelard and Heloise Real life scholars of 12th-century Paris, Peter Abelard and his student, Heloise, had a torrid affair. Their story can be read in A Medieval Love Story. Arthur and Guinevere The legendary King Arthur and his queen are at the center of a huge corpus of medieval and post-medieval literature. In most stories, Guinevere had a real affection for her older husband, but her heart belonged to Lancelot. Boccaccio and Fiammetta Giovanni Boccaccio was an important 14th-century author. His muse was the lovely Fiammetta, whose true identity is undetermined but who appeared in some of his early works. Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor Henry VIII arranged for his sister Mary to wed King Louis XII of France, but she already loved Charles, the 1st Duke of Suffolk. She agreed to wed the much older Louis on condition that she be allowed to choose her next husband herself. When Louis died shortly after the marriage, Mary secretly wed Suffolk before Henry could embroil her in another political marriage. Henry was furious, but he forgave them after Suffolk paid a hefty fine. El Cid and Ximena Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar was a notable military leader and the national hero of Spain. He acquired the title el Cid (sir or lord) during his lifetime. He really did marry Ximena (or Jimena), the kings niece, but the exact nature of their relationship is obscured in the mists of time and epic. Clovis and Clotilda Clovis was the founder of the Merovingian dynasty of Frankish kings. His pious wife Clotilda convinced him to convert to Catholicism, which would prove significant in the future development of France. Dante and Beatrice Dante Alighieri is often considered the finest poet of the Middle Ages. His devotion in his poetry to Beatrice made her one of the most celebrated figures in western literature. Still, he never acted on his love, and may never even have told her personally how he felt. Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville Handsome  Edward was attractive and popular with the ladies, and he surprised quite a few people when he married the widowed mother of two boys. Edwards bestowal of court favors on Elizabeths relatives disrupted his court. Erec and Enide The poem Erec et Enide  is the earliest extant Arthurian romance by 12th-century poet Chrà ©tien de Troyes. In it, Erec wins a tournament to defend the assertion that his lady is the most beautiful. Later, the two go on a quest to prove to each other their noble qualities. Etienne de Castel and Christine de Pizan The time Christine had with her husband was a mere ten years. His death left her in financial straits, and she turned to writing to support herself. Her works included love ballads dedicated to the late Etienne. Ferdinand and Isabella The Catholic Monarchs of Spain united Castile and Aragon when they married. Together, they overcame civil war, completed the Reconquista by defeating the last Moorish holdout of Granada, and sponsored the voyages of Columbus. They also expelled the Jews and began the Spanish Inquisition. Gareth and Lynette In the Arthurian tale of Gareth and Lynette, first told by Malory, Gareth proves himself to be chivalrous, even though Lynette heaps scorn upon him. Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell The story of the loathly lady is told in many versions. The most famous involves Gawain, one of Arthurs greatest knights, whom the ugly Dame Ragnell chooses for her husband, and is told in The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle. Geoffrey and Philippa Chaucer He is considered the quintessential medieval English poet. She was his devoted wife for more than twenty years. While they were wed  Geoffrey Chaucer  led a busy, successful life in service to the king. After her death, he endured a solitary existence and wrote his most notable works, including  Troilus and Criseyde  and  The  Canterbury Tales. Henry  Plantagenet  and Eleanor of Aquitaine At the age of 30, the bold, beautiful  Eleanor of Aquitaine  was divorced from her husband, the meek and mild King Louis VII of France, and married the brash young 18-year-old  Henry  Plantagenet,  future  king of England. The two would have a tempestuous marriage, but Eleanor bore Henry eight children—two of whom became kings. Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York After his defeat of Richard III,  Henry Tudor  became king, and he sealed the deal by marrying the daughter of an undisputed king of England (Edward IV). But was Elizabeth really happy married to the Lancastrian enemy of her Yorkist family? Well, she gave him seven children, including the future king Henry VIII. Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn After decades of marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which produced a daughter but no sons,  Henry VIII  threw tradition to the wind in pursuit of the captivating Anne Boleyn. His actions would ultimately result in a split with the Catholic Church. Sadly, Anne also failed to give Henry an heir, and when he tired of her, she lost her head. John of England and Isabella When  John  married  Isabella of Angoulà ªme, it caused some problems, not least because she was engaged to someone else. John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford The third son of  Edward III,  John  married and outlived two women who brought him titles and land, but his heart belonged to Katherine Swynford. Though their relationship was at times rocky, Katherine bore John four children out of wedlock. When  John, at last, married Katherine, the children were legitimized, but they and their descendants were officially barred from the throne. This would not stop  Henry VII, a descendant of John and Katherine, from becoming king a century later. Justinian and Theodora Considered by some scholars to be the greatest emperor of medieval Byzantium,  Justinian  was a great man with an even greater woman behind him. With  Theodoras support, he reclaimed significant portions of the western empire, reformed Roman law and rebuilt Constantinople. After her death, he achieved little. Lancelot and Guinevere When political necessity joins a young woman to a king, should she ignore the dictates of her heart?  Guinevere  didnt, and her passionate affair with  Arthurs greatest knight  would lead to the downfall of Camelot. Louis IX and Margaret Louis  was a saint. But he was also a mamas boy. He was only 12 when his father died, and his mother Blanche served as regent for him. She also chose his wife. Yet Louis was devoted to his bride Margaret, and together they had 11 children, while Blanche grew jealous of her daughter-in-law and died with her nose out of joint. Merlin and Nimue Arthurs most trusted advisor may have been a wizard, but  Merlin  was also a man, susceptible to the charms of women. Nimue (or sometimes Vivien,  Nineve,  or Niniane) was so charming she was able to  ensorcell  Merlin and trap him in a cave (or sometimes tree), where he was unable to help Arthur in his time of darkest trouble. Petrarch and Laura Like Dante and Boccaccio,  Francesco Petrarca, the  founder of  Renaissance Humanism,  had his muse: the lovely Laura. The poems he dedicated to her inspired poets of succeeding generations, most notably Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser. Philip of Spain and Bloody Mary Poor Mary, the Catholic queen of England, loved her husband madly. But  Philip  couldnt stand the sight of her. To make matters worse, the largely Protestant population of her country simply would not convert back to Catholicism, and they resented the presence of a Catholic foreigner in Marys household. Heartsick and stressed, Mary had several hysterical pregnancies and died at the age of 42. Raphael Sanzio and Margherita Luti The charming, suave, amiable  Raphael  was so popular he became known as the prince of painters. He was very publicly engaged to Maria Bibbiena, the niece of a powerful cardinal, but scholars believe he may have  secretly married  Margherita Luti, the daughter of a Sienese baker. If word of this marriage got out, it would have severely damaged his reputation; but Raphael was just the type of man to throw caution to the wind and follow his heart. Richard I and Berengaria Was  Richard the Lionheart  gay? Some scholars believe it to be the reason he and  Berengaria  never had children. But then, their relationship was so strained Richard was ordered by the pope to patch things up. Robert Guiscard and Sichelgaita Sichelgaita (or Sikelgaita) was a Lombard princess who married  Guiscard, a Norman warlord, and proceeded to accompany him on many campaigns.  Anna Comnena  wrote of Sichelgaita: When dressed in full armor, the woman was a fearsome sight. When Robert died during the siege of Cephalonia, Sichelgaita was right by his side. Robin Hood and Maid Marian The legends of  Robin Hood  may have been based on the activities of real-life outlaws of the 12th century, though if so, scholars have no definitive proof of who precisely served as their inspiration. Marian stories were a later addition to the corpus. Tristan and Isolde The story of  Tristan and Isolde  was incorporated into Arthurian tales, but its origins are a Celtic legend that may be based on an actual Pictish king. Troilus and Criseyde The character of Troilus is a Trojan prince who falls in love with a Greek captive. In Geoffrey Chaucers poem she is Criseyde (in William Shakespeares play she is Cressida), and though she declares her love for Troilus, when she is ransomed by her people she goes to live with a big Greek hero. Uther and Igraine Arthurs father  Uther  was king, and he coveted the wife of the Duke of Cornwall, Igraine. So Merlin cast a spell on Uther to make him look like Cornwall, and while the real duke was out fighting, he slipped in to have his way with the virtuous lady. The result? Cornwall died in battle, and Arthur was born nine months later. William of Normandy and Matilda Before he seriously took aim at the crown of England,  William the Conqueror  set his sights on Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V of Flanders. Though he was distantly related to her and the pope condemned the marriage as incestuous, the pair went through with the wedding. Was it all for love of the lady? Perhaps, but his alliance with Baldwin was critical in cementing his position as Duke of Normandy. Still, he and Matilda had ten children, and to patch things up with the pope, they built two monasteries at Caen.

Congress Most Influential Policy Blunder - 1822 Words

Aside from the decision to assign the project to the DOE in the first place, Congress’ most influential policy blunder was picking the Yucca Mountain site and leaving no back ups or alternatives through the NWPAA. It was done before the DOE had even finished evaluating all of its potential sites as Congress had tasked it through the original NWPA. This decision by Congress is what ultimately led to reports of falsified scientific documents as the DOE was essentially forced by the NWPAA to make due with any issues they found at Yucca or face losing the entire federal nuclear repository project. Had the DOE been both capable of and allowed to finish its own siting of the repository it would have likely kept the decision open until scientific†¦show more content†¦In reality what the EPA had done was set a site-specific performance standard, based on what qualifications they knew would be compatible with Yucca instead of setting a general performance standard based on saf ety and science (Ewing Hippel, 2009). This superficial performance standard was in part responsible for the shut down of Yucca Mountain as its authenticity and scientific accuracy came into question along with the report of falsified documents. The decision in the NWPAA to pick Yucca Mountain without any real selection process created one of the biggest altercations between groups and organizations interested in this policy. By picking a site in Nevada, a state with no nuclear reactors and a strong majority opinion against the construction of a repository, Congress pitted the entire state against the federal government and other states. Nevada residents are so opposed to the completion of the facility, polled at 76% in 2007 (Las Vegas Review-Journal), that it has become a requirement of anyone hoping to hold federal office in the state to feel the same sentiment. Because of this governors, senators, and representatives from Nevada all view the permanent closing of Yucca as a priori ty and adamantly oppose motions that would see the facility operational. Congressmen from Nevada try

Science And Mind Altering Drugs - 1549 Words

Mankind has become more intellectual and creative than ever before. The human has learned to adapt and learn new ways of crafting society to be more functional. New sciences and technologies have developed at an exponential rate and then those new ideas blossom off of other ideas. This growth of ideas is similar to the process of dialectic. As this idea develops, counter ideas known as antithesis develop. The thesis and antithesis struggle between one another and convey about a new idea called a synthesis. The Synthesis contains the best of both, but creates a new antithesis as the synthesis ages. Various sciences have gone deep into human research and the makeup of the human anatomy. Scientists have become further innovative and have been able to clone people and make designer babies. Certain drugs and enhancements can also alter the way we act and think as human beings. Amid all these new alterations and being able to create life we have to ask ourselves, what is a human person? B efore advanced science and mind altering drugs people would say in many instances that the person is a mind and a soul. There are many different definitions for what a ‘person’ or in many cases what a ‘human being’ is. I decided the best definition for a person to use would be the philosophical definition, which, is a self-conscious or rational being. This is a definition that makes us try to understand what is and what isn’t a person. However, this definition is simple and shouldn’t be our onlyShow MoreRelatedTotalitarianism in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and Nineteen Eighty-four by George Orwell1270 Words   |  5 Pagestotalitarianism, which is a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society. First developed in 1920 by the Italian fascists, and in particular Benito Mussolini, who ruled Italy for over twenty years, totalitarianism embossed the minds of those who lived under it. This system was conceptualize d mainly to highlight the similarities between Nazi Germany and other fascist states. There’s one underlying difference that one must understand for one to assess the restrictions that totalitarianismRead MoreAddiction: a Three Part Disease1072 Words   |  5 PagesDisease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. First you must look at the way in which the chemicals affect the brain. The first attempt at partaking in any mind altering substance can be looked at as a choice to the individualRead MoreBenefits of Medical Marijuana Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesseeds from a hemp plant called Cannibas(science of drug abuse and addiction). 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However, a recent study conductedRead MoreEthics in Science: Antidepressants1083 Words   |  4 Pagesstories and experiences to tell. As society progresses, we are having more and more control over the human brain. Science is perceived as a naturally neutral ground when it comes to ethics, their discoveries are completely dependent on knowledge as opposed to what’s right and what’s wrong, which does, and will continue to raise the ongoing question of how far we’re willing to go. â€Å"Science can only ascertain what is, but not what should be,† Albert Einstein said, â€Å"and outside of its domain value, judgmentsRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society1285 Words   |  6 Pageshundreds of years ago the use of many of these substances was considered widely acceptable and the norm, modern science and medicine has uncovered the harmful effects that these drugs can cause when they are abused and can lead to addiction and dangerous behaviors in society. 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An exercise and drug only treatment would tell me if a depressed patient could stay on their medication while on the exercise treatment and still get promising results. A drug only treatment would tell me if antidepressants actually work on patient, and if not’ why? With these things in mind, it leads me to my final question; can cardiovascular/aerobic exercise improve the treatment of depression? Read MoreCompatibility between Psychological Theories and Methodology1115 Words   |  4 PagesA commonly asked question is â€Å"what is psychology?† Even though there is no set definition there are a wide range of answers to this which consist of: the study of the mind, influence of the brain, our behaviour or even a combination of all of them. Each psychological perspective is reinforced by numerous set of assumptions of what people are like, what is important to study and how to study the issue at hand. 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Maintenance Of Capital Doctrine Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Maintenance of Capital Doctrine Business? Answer: The maintenance of capital doctrine is one of the important ethics in corporate law which control the company how they receive a proper consideration of the share. It is also make sure how much capital of share amount should deliver or distribute among the shareholders. The company must hold the capital of the share amount for the security and safety of the creditors (Knapp 2013). In such matter, the court always ensure that how company use the capital amount in business. The amount must uses in the legal purpose for the business. The famous cases are Trevor v Whitworth (1887) and Flitcrofts related to the doctrine of capital share amount. The house of lord had described in both of the cases that company have no rights to buy their own share for own benefits. The shareholders have the only right to buy the company share. When the company tried to buy the shares the share amount decrease the dividend amounts. Without the order of the court, the members of the company will not have capital deduction in the basic capital amount. The dividend amounts always distributed as per the capital amount of shares of the company (Arnold 2016). The Company Act 2006 states the doctrine of share capitals. The Act describes the facts of dividend payments, decrease the amount of companys share capitals, purchasing of shares and collecting of the shares under sections 17, 18 and 19 of the Act. In Australia, the Capital Maintenance doctrine has established in Australian corporate law under section 256A, 256C of the Corporations Act 2001. The doctrines are applying to protect the share capital of the company (Islam 2015). The various sections of the Corporation Act 2001 defines how a capital In the sec 256C of the Corporation Act stated that the capital amount of share profit of the company must be decrease when the shareholder approved the capital amount (Tomasic). In 256B of the Corporation Act described the exceptions of doctrines where company may decrease the share capital and the sec 257A give the right to the company to buy its own shares but there are some terms and conditions applied. Reference Arnold, A. J. "Capital reduction case law decisions and the development of the capital maintenance doctrine in late-nineteenth-century England."Accounting and Business Research(2016): 1-19. Islam, Md Saidul. "The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis."Northern University Journal of Law4 (2015): 47-55. Knapp, Jeffrey. "A Reconsideration of Consolidation Accounting Requirements and Pre?acquisition Dividends."Australian Accounting Review23.3 (2013): 190-207. Tomasic, Roman. "The Rise and Fall of the Capital Maintenance Doctrine in Australian Corporate Law." (2015). Reference

Mercent of Venice Essay Example For Students

Mercent of Venice Essay Study Questions Essay Topics Study Questions 1. Discuss Shylock’s dramatic function in The Merchant of Venice. What do critics mean when they suggest that Shylock is â€Å"too large† for the play? Does he fulfill or exceed his role? Model Answer – In order to ensure that we understand Shylock as a threat to the happiness of Venice’s citizens and lovers, Shakespeare uses a number of dramatic devices to amplify Shylock’s villainy. In doing so, however, he creates a character so compelling that many feel Shylock comes to dominate the play, thereby making him â€Å"too large. Certainly, Shylock is a masterful creation. At his cruelest, he is terrifying, even more so because all of his schemes exist within the framework of the law. Seen in this light, Shylock becomes a kind of bogeyman, turning Venetian society’s own institutions on themselves. On the other hand, Shylock is also pitiable, even sympathetic, at times. He has been harshly handled b y Venetian society and has seen his daughter elope with one of the same men who despise him. His passionate monologue in Act III, scene i reveals that he feels the same emotions as his opponents, and we cannot help but see him as a man. In fact, Shylock’s character is so well-rounded and intricate that many see him as the only interesting figure in a play that is not, in theory, supposed to center about him. Shylock’s scenes are gripping and fascinating, and many critics believe the play deflates every time he makes an exit. 2. In the end, how comic is The Merchant of Venice? Does the final act succeed in restoring comedy to the play? Model Answer – The Merchant of Venice contains all of the elements required of a Shakespearean comedy, but is often so overshadowed by the character of Shylock and his quest for a pound of flesh that it is hard not to find in the play a generous share of the tragic as well. Lovers pine and are reunited, a foolish servant makes endless series of puns, and genteel women masquerade as men—all of which are defining marks of Shakespearean comedy. In sharp contrast to these elements, however, Shakespeare also presents Shylock, a degraded old man who has lost his daughter and is consumed with a bloody greed. The light language of the play’s comedic moments disappears for whole scenes at a time, and Antonio’s fate is more suspenseful than funny. The final act redeems the play’s claims to be a comedy, piling on the necessary humor and serendipity, but the rest of the play is overcast by the fact that Antonio may soon pay Bassanio’s debt with his life. 3. Discuss the relationship between Jessica and Shylock. Are we meant to sympathize with the moneylender’s daughter? Does Shakespeare seem ambivalent in his portrayal of Jessica? Model Answer – In looking at the relationship between Jessica and Shylock, we are again forced to walk a fine line between sympathizing with and despising Shylock. For all intents and purposes, the play should label Shylock’s mistreatment by his own daughter as richly deserved. After all, he is spiteful, petty, and mean, and in his more cartoonish or evil moments, it is hard to imagine why Jessica should stay. At other times, however, Jessica’s escape seems like another cruel circumstance inflicted on Shylock, and her behavior offstage borders on heartless. Shylock is never more sympathetic than when he bemoans the fact that Jessica has taken a ring given to him in his bachelor days by his wife and has traded it for a monkey, the most banal of objects. Nor is Jessica ever able to produce satisfactory evidence that life in her father’s house is miserable. Her seeming indifference to Antonio’s fate—she and Lorenzo are more interested in the price of bacon—makes us wonder whether Jessica is actually more selfish and self-absorbed than the father she condemns. While Shylock is no saint, his resolve to collect his debt only seems to strengthen beyond reason after he discovers that Jessica has fled. Strategies To Resolve The Principal Agent Problem Accounting EssayLater in Scene 1 Bassanio’s speech about Portia reveals his feelings for her (LOVE THEME) but it also tells us as an audience what to expect when the lady herself appears in the next scene. Does she live up to Bassanio’s description of her? In Belmont is a lady richly left Linguistic comment: Play on the word richly. Is she just rich in monetary terms (MONEY THEME) or is she rich in that she is precious? The word Belmont. The ‘Bel’ part means beauty. Why is this significant? In the same speech, ‘Fair’ is repeated. She is fair and fairer than that word †¦. I did receive fair speechless messages Linguistic comment: is she just fair in beauty or fair in terms of JUSTICE? Certainly there are plenty other references to money in this speech: ‘undervalued’, ‘the means’, ‘thrift’ and ‘fortunate’ Also, the word fair is echoed in Act 1 Scene 3 when Bassanio show mistrust of Shylock and his bond I like not fair terms and a villain’s mind’ (see also the different plays on the word ‘kind’ used in this exchange). Etc†¦ How might I revise?  ¬ Read the play again  ¬ Place ‘post it’ notes at various intervals in the play to help you revise –characters, themes, key quotations  ¬ Read your quotation sheet Create revision cards for each theme/ character/ important scenes  ¬ Plan and answer example questions  ¬ Choose some examples to analyse in depth  ¬ Act out the play with friends/ family  ¬ Read through your file containing class notes Some of the following topics have not been covered – you may wish to revise these too; ? Animal imagery ? Words to do with money ? Different kinds of love ? Sound imagery in Act 5 ? Mercy and forgiveness vs revenge ? Appearance vs reality ? Racism and prejudice ? Money ? Friendship ? The role of women In the exam? Plan –this will help you give a structured response. With your two opposing statements – if theme based – choose 3 or 4 characters to write about and how they prove both statements –evidence for both, if character based –choose 3 or 4 events in the play where they prove both statements. Remember, it is better to go back and forth between the opposing statements, than try to deal with one, then the other. 5 minutes left!!! ? Check your answer. Read your essay. Check you have used enough examples, have shown some analysis, have mentioned context and that you have answered the question. Add anything you need to with *.

How to Prepare a Sociology Graduate Writing Sample

How to Prepare a Sociology Graduate Writing SampleStudents pursuing a graduate degree in sociology often do not realize that they can get great help when preparing a sociology graduate writing sample essay. As an online sociology student, you are definitely one of the many in your program who need to prepare a sample. By the time you are ready to start looking for help in reading samples, your ability to write is already established and you probably know how to analyze your findings, write a convincing conclusion, and follow through with the rest of the message.In order to create a graduate essay that will stand out, a sample should give you ideas for making your own unique conclusion. In addition, it should supply helpful information on how to make this significant statement more interesting and useful to the reader. All the essentials that you would learn by taking a sociology graduate writing sample course. Here are some great suggestions.First, you should read the self-selected r esearch materials and make sure that you understand the questions, the type of response expected, and the demographics of the research team. You may want to take a sociology graduate writing sample course before beginning to read samples. You should see what is covered in these lessons and also read the material for yourself. Do you think you could solve this problem by yourself? Most students will have a little trouble in such a situation.It's worth noting that a sample essay is written and read as part of a formal class or thesis. Once you have read the sample, you may find it difficult to put the information into words that will make sense. Students who know what to expect and know the basics in sociological concepts will likely do better with the graduate essay reading and writing sample.Keep in mind that a graduate student in sociology does not normally carry out research in the field. Instead, he or she researches by gathering data and then analyzing these data to develop more accurate and useful hypotheses. With that said, the data collection methods must be sensitive and direct enough to be able to ask valid questions and gather information quickly and efficiently.In addition, it is important that students have to be honest with the data that they collect. By doing so, the researchers can assess the accuracy of the data and be able to offer advice about the proper way to interpret the data. When possible, they will offer better results by using multiple regression analysis or using other statistical techniques to obtain more accurate results.Therefore, as a graduate student in sociology, you will always want to work with graduate writers and professionals who have a proven history in giving graduate students good examples to use in their own work. Having a good master's degree in sociology can certainly help you write a more effective, powerful, and interesting graduate essay that will allow you to gain a competitive edge in your chosen academic field.

Joe DEustachio Essays (785 words) - Cinema Of The United States

Joe D'Eustachio PBS 101 Outside speaker For my outside speaker paper, I went to see Glenn Hockley, who is running for office in my hometown of Westchester. In here, he talked about why the jails are overpopulated and what makes a criminal. I am going to try to summarize it best here. " Charlie, there are two kinds of thieves in this world: the ones who steal to enrich their lives and those who steal to define their lives." There are many ways a criminal can enrich or define their lives with crime, and the ways they enrich or define their lives with crime almost always has something to do with their motive. These motives can range from revenge to crime being the only thing they know how to do to greed, and many, many more. Revenge is an extremely common motive to become a criminal, and The Italian Job and "Girlfriend's Revenge Case" bring this motive to life. In The Italian Job, Stella says something that clearly displays her motiverevengefor becoming involved in crime: "'I want to see the look on that man's face when his gold is gone. He took my father from me, I'm taking this." She didn't care about the money, she didn't care about the consequences; all she cared about was taking vengeance on her father's killer. In "Girlfriend's Revenge Case", Barbara Wu tries to get her boyfriend to kill an ex-boyfriend of hers for revenge on him for breaking up with her through an email. Later in her trial, another one of her exes came forward and said she'd tried to get him to do the same thing to another ex-boyfriend . The fact that her boyfriends took her seriously about killing her exes means that she would become a criminal if it meant getting revenge on her exes, so she tried. Sometimes, people become criminals because hey start at an early age so crime ends up being the only thing they know how to do. For example, In The Rescue Artist, Peter Scott, an English cat burglar, said "'As a husband I was a failure and as a lover indifferent because my real passion was to be out on the roof, or creeping through the country, or making a little tunnel through a wall. I'd found this private world which yielded a sexual, antisocial excitement unobtainable by other means.'" Scott's motives were the thrill of stealing as well as crime being the only thing he knew how to do well, so much that he was still committing crimes at age of 67, when he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison for trying to fence a 650,000 Picasso. In The Italian Job, John said "'I've spent half my kid's life in prison. Don't get to be my age with nothing but his, Charlie.'" Stealing was all John had ever done, knew how to do, and would ever do, so he continued to do it, even after going to prison, until he died. Probably the most common motive for someone to become a criminal is greed. "Greed to Steal $500,000 Motive for Boss's Murder" displays this motive blatantly to anyone that reads the article. An employee named Sneza Suteski of an accountant named Richard P iech paid her hairdresser's boyfriend $3,000 to murder Piech so she could steal $500,000 from him since he wouldn't be at work. (Brooke 1) Both the boyfriend and Suteski became criminals because of greed in the end, showing how common this motive is. Another example of this motive is that Steve betrayed his friends, tried to kill them (and killed one of them), and it was all to get 35 million dollars in gold bricks. John Hancock (yes, the John Hancock) succumbed to greed near the end of his life when he was traveling in the California and Nevada area. He and his companion, Winny , were stranded because their failure of a team gave out, and when two men named Engelke and Edmiston stopped by where they had been for the three weeks they had been stranded, Hancock and Winny left with them. In the middle of one night, Hancock killed the two men and buried their